Sodium Hydroxide Soap

Useful compounds and sodium dietary concerns

Although most people have never seen sodium metal, which is almost impossible do not see many of the compounds of sodium every day. common table salt, baking soda, baking powder, household bleach, soaps and detergents, aspirin and other drugs and countless other consumer products are sodium products. Sodium is a member of the alkali metals family. The family members of the alkali metals are some of the most active.

Sodium compounds have been known, of course, throughout human history. But sodium metal was not prepared until 1807. The reason is that sodium is highly bound to other elements. Its compounds are very difficult to crack. It was not until 1807 that the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy found a way of extracting sodium from its compounds. sodium metal has relatively few uses. Reacts easily with other substances, which can be explosive. However, many sodium compounds have many applications in industry, medicine and everyday life.

Sodium carbonate or soda (Na2CO3) was probably composed of sodium best known of ancient peoples. It is the most common mineral of sodium found in nature. This explains why glass was one of the first chemical once human beings. Glass is made by heating sodium carbonate and calcium oxide (lime) together. When the mixture cools, it forms the material hard, clear, transparent glass call. Glass was manufactured on a large scale in Egypt and in 1370 a. C. The Egyptians called natron soda. Much later, the Romans used a name similar to the compound, mur. These names explain the chemical symbol used for sodium, Na.

The name probably originated sodium Suda in an Arabic word meaning "headache." Soda was sometimes used as a cure for headaches among primitive peoples. Suda word feeling also in America to become sodanum, which also means "headache remedy." In early 1800, Davy found a way to extract a number of active elements in their compounds. Sodium is one of these elements. Davy method involved melting of a compound of the active element, then a current electricity through molten (melted) compound. Davy used sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to make sodium.

Sodium is a silvery-white metal with a waxy appearance. It is gentle enough to be cut with a knife. Its surface is bright and shiny the first cut, but quickly becomes boring as sodium reacts with oxygen in the air. A thin film of sodium oxide (Na2O) ways to hide the metal itself. sodium melting point is 97.82 ° C (208.1 ° F) and its boiling point is 881.4 ° C (1,618 ° F). Its density is slightly lower than that of water, 0.968 grams per centimeter cubic. Sodium is a good conductor of electricity.

Sodium is a very active. It combines with oxygen at room temperature. When heated, it combines very rapidly, burning with a flame bright golden yellow. Sodium reacts violently with water. Is so active that is usually stored in a liquid with which it reacts. Kerosene or naphtha are liquids commonly used for this purpose. Sodium also reacts with most other elements and many compounds. Reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas. It also dissolves in the mercury to amalgamate sodium

Sodium is not presented as a free element in nature. It is too active. Always occurs as part of a compound. The most common source of sodium in the Earth is halite. Halite is almost pure sodium chloride (NaCl). Also is called rock salt. Halite is found in underground reservoirs similar to the coal mines. The deposits were formed when ancient oceans evaporated (dried) leaving behind sodium chloride. Earth movements finally buried deposits. Can now be taken to remove sodium chloride.

Although il and vinegar do not mix, sodium and water really do not mix. Sodium reacts violently with water. The effect is mesmerizing. When metallic sodium is placed in the water, afloat. But he immediately begins to react with water, releasing hydrogen gas. A lot of energy is released in this reaction. Enough to ignite the hydrogen gas. Sodium metal reacts with water. Both heat released sodium melts. It becomes a little ball of liquid sodium. At the same time, sodium hydrogen releases water. The hydrogen gas ignites and causes the ball to go screeching sodium on the surface of water. Sodium reacts violently with water.

sodium chloride also can be obtained from sea water and brine. The brine is similar to sea water, but contains more dissolved salt. Removing sodium chloride from sea water or salt water is easy. Sodium stored in oil to prevent reaction with the surrounding air. All you need is for water to evaporate. Sodium chloride is left behind. Just be separated from other chemicals that dissolve in the water too.

There is only one natural isotope, sodium-23. Six radioactive isotopes sodium are also known. Two radioactive isotopes of sodium in sodium-22 and sodium-24 are used in medicine and other applications. Can be used as markers to track sodium in the body of a person. Sodium-24 also has non-medical applications. For example, is used to check for leaks in oil pipelines. These lines usually pipe buried underground. It can be difficult to tell when a pipe begins to leak. One way to locate a leak is to add some sodium-24 for oil. If oil is leaking from the pipeline, so does the sodium-24. Dripping oil may not be visible, but the leakage of sodium-24 is easily detected. Is in instruments that are designed to detect radiation.

One way to obtain pure sodium metal by passing an electric current through chloride molten sodium (cast). This method is similar to that used by Humphry Davy in 1808. But there is little demand for sodium metal. sodium compounds are much more common. A second method and the like is used to make a compound known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide is used as a starting point for making other sodium compounds.

The method for the manufacture of sodium hydroxide is called chlor-alkali process. The name comes from the fact that both chlorine and an alkali metal (sodium) are produced at the same time. In this case, an electric current passes through a solution of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Three products supplies are obtained from this reaction: chlorine gas (Cl2), hydrogen gas (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chlor-alkali process is one of the processes most important industrial use today.

Sodium metal has a relatively small but important number of applications. For example, is sometimes used as a heat exchange medium in nuclear power plants. A heat exchange medium is a material that reflects heat in one place and takes it to another place. Water is a common means of heat exchange. Some hearth furnaces burning oil or gas to heat water flowing through pipes and radiators in the house. Water issues its heat through the radiators.

Sodium does a similar job at nuclear power plants. Heat is produced by nuclear fission reactions in the nucleus (center) of a nuclear reactor. In a nuclear fission reaction, large atoms break down to form smaller atoms. In doing so, large amounts of energy Thermal emerge. Liquid sodium is sealed in the pipes that surround the reactor core. As heat is generated, it is absorbed (taken) by sodium. The sodium is forced through tubes in a nearby room. In that room, the sodium lines are wrapped around pipes filled with water. The sodium heat turns water into vapor. The steam is used to operate devices that generate electricity.

Another use of sodium metal is in the production of other metals. For example, the sodium can be combined with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) to produce titanium metal. Sodium is also used to make artificial rubber. (Goma Real is made collecting sap from rubber trees and is expensive.) The starting material for synthetic rubber is usually a small molecule. The small molecule reacts with itself over and over again. It becomes a much larger molecule called a polymer. The polymer is the material making up the artificial rubber. Sodium metal is used as a catalyst in the reaction.

The combination of steam power and sodium produces a yellowish glow on the lampposts. Sodium is used frequently in the manufacture of light bulbs. Sodium is first converted to a vapor (gas) and injected into a glass ampoule. An electric current passes through a wire or filament in the bulb filled with gas. The electric current causes the sodium vapor to give a yellow glow. Many street lights are now vapor lamps sodium. Its advantage is that no reflections occur as much as regular lights.

Almost all sodium compounds dissolve in water. When it rains, the composite sodium are dissolved and carried into the soil. Finally, the flow of compounds into rivers and oceans. The sea is salty due in part to sodium compounds were dissolved many centuries. But that means that the search for compounds of sodium in the soil is somewhat unusual. They tend to be more common in desert areas, because the desert experience of low rainfall. So sodium compounds are less likely to be washed. Huge beds of salt and sodium carbonate is sometimes found in desert areas.

Tens of sodium compounds are used today in all areas. Some of the most important of these compounds are mentioned as under:

The sodium chloride (NaCl): The most familiar use of sodium chloride as a flavor enhancer in food. It is better known as table salt. Large amounts of sodium chloride are also added to prepared foods such as canned, bottled, frozen and powdered. One purpose of the addition of chloride sodium in these foods is to improve the taste. Yet another objective is to prevent decay. Sodium chloride kills bacteria in food. It has been used for hundreds of years as a food preservative. The "pickling" or "salt" of a food, for example, by adding salt to food to prevent to spoil.

This process is one of the reasons people eat too much salt in your food today. Most people eat many foods. Prepared foods contain large amounts of salt. People often are not aware of all the salt they take in when they eat those foods. Sodium chloride is also the starting point point for making other sodium compounds. In fact, this application is probably the first use of sodium chloride. Almost all sodium compounds dissolve in water. They tend to be more common in the desert wilderness areas, because experience low rainfall.

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3): Soda ash is also known by other names, such as soda, soda ash, salt, soda and soda. It is also used as a starting point in making other sodium compounds. A growing use is in water purification systems and wastewater treatment. Sodium carbonate is mixed with other chemicals that react to form a thick, sticky solid. The solids sink to the bottom of a tank, carrying the impurities in the water or wastewater. sodium carbonate is also used to make a large number of commercial products such as glass, pulp and paper, soaps and detergents and textiles.

Baking soda (NaHCO3): When baking soda is dissolved in water, produces an effervescent reaction. This reaction can be used in situations in many households. For example, gas with gas can help raise the dough. The "surge" of the mass is caused by the bubbles released when baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is added to milk in the dough. Certain types of medicines such as Alka-Seltzer, also include baking soda. The effervescence is one of the effects of taking Alka-Seltzer that helps settle the stomach. Sodium bicarbonate is also used in mouthwashes, cleaning solutions, wool and silk, cleaning systems, fire extinguishers, and preventive of mold in the wood industry.

The following are examples of lesser known compounds sodium:

Sodium alginate (NaC6H7O6) thickening agent in ice cream and other foods, cement, paper product coatings, water based paints

Sodium bifluoride (KHF2): preservative animal specimens, antiseptic (antibacterial), etched glass, tinplate production

Sodium diuranate or "yellow uranium" (Na2U2O7): used to produce nail yellow-orange color for ceramics

Sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6): Used for "fluoride" toothpaste that protects against cavities, insecticides and rodenticides (rat-murderers), a moth repellent, wood and leather preservative manufacture of laundry soaps and enamel "pearls as

Sodium paraperiodate (Na3H2IO6) helps to burn more completely snuff and clean paper products helps conserve strength when wet

sodium stearate (NaOOCC17H35): keeps breaking plastic, sealing agent, an additive in toothpastes and cosmetics

Sodium zirconium glycolate (NaZrH3 (H2COCOO) 3): deodorant, germicide (bactericidal), flame retardant

A compound Common sodium, sodium bicarbonate, produces an effervescent reaction. It is an ingredient in medicines such as Alka-Seltzer.

Sodium has a number important functions in plants, humans and animals. In humans, for example, sodium is involved in controlling the amount of fluid in the cells. The excess or lack of sodium can cause cells to gain or lose water. Any of these changes may prevent cells from carrying out their normal functions. P eople often talk about the amount of "sodium" in your diet. Or you can refer to the amount of "salt" in their diet. The two terms are similar but not identical. In the body, sodium is produced more often as sodium chloride. A common name for sodium chloride is table salt. The Commission the U.S. Dietary Allowance Food and Nutrition Board recommends that a person takes in about 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams of sodium per day. The human body needs only 500 actually milligrams of sodium. Studies show that the average American has about 2,300 to 6,900 milligrams of sodium per day.

This high level of sodium intake many experts in health problems. Excess sodium can affect the body's ability to digest fats, for example. The most serious problem, however, may be hypertension. Hypertension is another name for "high blood pressure." A person with high blood pressure may be at risk of stroke, stroke cardiac or other serious health problems. Sodium is also involved in sending nerve messages to and from the cells. These control pulses are moved muscles. Again, an excess or lack of sodium can lead to nerve and muscle abnormal behavior. Sodium is also necessary to control the digestion food in the stomach and intestines.

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